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There
exists currently two oyster species raised in
France, the oyster punt (Ostrea edulis) and the
hollow oyster (Crassostrea gigas). But it does
not have any always was thus. The oyster punt
populates Northern Europe, of Norway with France,
while passing by Denmark, the Netherlands,
Belgium, the United Kingdom and Ireland. We also
find it in Spain and in Morocco. Its distribution
extends until in the Adriatic Sea and the Black
Sea. |
- Abundant on
the coasts of Europe to quaternary and with the
Gallo-Roman time, Ostrea edulis is the indigenous
oyster of France and in particular of Marenne
oyster. The Romans took along our oysters punts
to Rome.
- In order to
face an oyster punts shortage, the Basin of
Arcachon was essential from 1860 of hollow
oysters of Portugal, the Crassostrea species
angulata.C' is during one of its transport, that
a boat " Morlaisien " rejected its
cargo in putrefaction in the mouth of the
Gironde, thus allowing the establishment of this
oyster digs Crassostrea angulata.
- This
Portuguese oyster was touched by two epizooties
(epidemic which strikes the animals) viral
origin: the " disease of the gills "
1966 to 1970, followed virus disease hémocytaire
of 1970 to 1973. This last disease it is
accompanied by a massive mortality of the
Portugueses and their disappearance of the coasts
Frenchwomen.
- Vis-a-vis
with this catastrophe touching approximately 5000
oyster culturists, it was necessary to find a
solution quickly: the substitution of species,
from where the introduction of Japanese oyster
originating in the Pacific, Crassostrea gigas.
First transfers of the latter seem to go back to
1966. It acted of an oyster culturist fascinated
by and the high quality growth rate of
Crassostrea gigas, whereas the production of
Crassostrea angulata regressed. First tests
giving of good results, the oyster culturist
decided to introduce other samples.
- But "
the Scientific and Technical Institute of
Maritime Fishings " (ISTPM) proposed to stop
this importation of fear of contamination, which
involved the indignation of the profession. A
visit of expert in Japan, was thus organized in
1969, in order to examine the potential sites of
exploitation and the risks pathogenic, allowing
the introduction of this exotic species on the
French coasts. This Japanese oyster is present at
sea of Okhotsk (Vladivostok), in the island
Sakhaline (Russia), in Japan, in Korea and on the
coast peaceful of North America (of Alaska with
California). This species was also imported into
Australia, in Canada like in the Western
countries. The oyster punt is reached since 1974
of two parasitoses (there martelliose caused by
Martellia refringens and the bonamiose caused by
Bonamia ostrea).
- This is why
the production of oyster punt is maintaining in
very very small quantity, from where the high
commercial value of the latter. Today France
produces primarily hollow oyster.
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